Zi:從
從(S从) [cóng] from; since; 從來 always; 跟從 follow [cōng] 黑從從 murky; (HDZ:) 從容 [zòng] (=縱) [zōng] 蹤跡; 鬃 [zǒng] “從從”, 高大貌 [sǒng] 從容=慫恿/慂
One monosyllabic entry in The ABC Cantonese-English Dictionary (namespace Jyut):
►cung4 從 b.f./char. ►cung4 loi4 dou1 m4 從來都唔 ►cung4 loi4 dou1 mou5 從來都冇 ►zi1 cung4 之從
3 monosyllabic entries in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):
►¹cóng* 从[從] {A} cov. from; since; through ◆cons. ① {B} ∼ A chūfā departing from A ② {A} ∼ A dào B from A to B ③ ∼ A qǐ starting from A ④ {D} ∼ A kànlai viewed from A ⑤ ∼ A lái jiǎng/kàn/shuō speaking of A; from consideration of A ◆adv. always; at all times (usu. in negative) ◆b.f. ①follow ►gēncóng 跟从 ②obey; comply with ►fúcóng 服从 ③join; be engaged in ►cóngshì 从事 ④adopt a certain attitude; follow a certain principle ►cóngyán 从严 ⑤secondary; accessory ►zhǔcóng 主从 ⑥cousin-level relationship ⑦follower; attendant ►cóngrén 从人 ◆n. Surname
►¹zòng 纵[縱/從] {E} b.f. ①from north to south ►¹zòngguàn 纵贯 ②vertical; longitudinal; lengthwise ►zònghéng 纵横 ③release; set free ►zònghǔguīshān 纵虎归山 ④indulge; give oneself up to ►fàngzòng 放纵 ⑤pamper; spoil (a child) ⑥shoot (an arrow) ⑦〈environment:〉 topo. creased; crumpled ◆conj. 〈environment:〉 wr. even if; (even) though ◆v. jump up; leap
►¹⁰cōng 从[從] char. ►hēicōngcōng 黑从从
HDZ: 從 : cóng : 随行, 跟随; 追逐; 随着, 按着; 随从者; 率, 带领; 牵; 听从, 依順; 采取某种处理方式或态度 (从速, 丧失从简, 坦白从宽); 言词顺畅; 和顺之道, 正常秩序; 为, 从事; (说文) 用来指出汉字所由构成的成分; 同宗, 堂房亲属; 次, 副 (古代官品有正, 有从); 从属的, 次要的; (副词) 从来, 向来; (介词) (自, 由; 向; 因, 由; 凭借, 根据); 多, 重叠; (姓) • zòng : 縱 (南北; 长, 竖; 放, 放纵; (量词) 纵然, 尽管) • zōng : 蹤: 踪迹; 鬃: 髻高 • cōng : 從容 (舒缓安闲, 不慌不忙; 举动; 调解, 斡旋; 充分, 宽裕) • sǒng : 從容= 慫恿/慂: 鼓动 • zǒng : “從從”, 高大貌
HDC: 相從 : 跟隨, 在一起; 相交往, 相合并
(Explanation from the entry for the simple form 从:) The simple-form character 从 (4 strokes) is a component in (and old form of) the full-form character 從 (11 strokes); today the full form 從 is replaced everywhere in simple-form texts by 从.
The full-form character 從 (11 strokes) is a re-arrangement of the older form 𨑢 (11 strokes); in the modern form 從 the old component 辵 is split into its two parts 彡 (short for 彳) and 龰; 彳 is placed to the left, and 从 is placed atop 龰 at the right (從⿰彳⿱从龰).
Note: The full-form character 從 was created to specify certain meanings of the older character 从; the two characters 從 and 从 have separate origins and rather different usage (see below).
The Shuōwén Seal form of 从() cóng ‘follow/heed’ (听从) doubles 人() rén ‘person (facing left/east)’; one weaker/subordinate person heeds/follows behind another stronger/leader (one heeds another, one follows after another).
Note: In the SW gloss 相聽 (听从 ‘follow/heed/obey, listen/hear and comply with’); 相() xiāng ‘mutual/reciprocal (relation); (unequal/lopsided) relation’; cf. 從, 相從 (HDC).
Compare: 亥() hài, in which the two people of 从() are a couple (man and woman, husband and wife); the bride follows her suitor to their home.
Note: 从() cóng ‘follow/heed’ is the reverse of 比() bǐ ‘compare/compete’; cf. 匕() bǐ ‘person (facing right/west)’.
The Shuōwén Seal form of 從(𨑢) cóng ‘follow/accompany’ (随从, 随行) combines 辶(辵) chuò ‘go’, and 从() cóng ‘follow/heed’ (phonosemantic); formerly wr. 从.
Note: The character 從 was created to specify ‘accompany’ senses formerly wr. 从, but later 從 replaced the older form 从; finally (coming full circle) 从 replaces 從 in simple-form texts.
Note: Different SW editions use 从 or 從 in glosses to introduce the component analyses: e.g., in the 徐鍇 Xú Kǎi (late Tang) SW text, the structure of the character 从 is explained as “從二人” ‘comprised of two 人 rén 'people' together’; but in the later 徐铉 Xú Xuàn (Song) SW text, the analysis of 从 is given as “从二人”.
Note: SW usage of 从/從 to introduce the list of components derives from the fact that characters classified under a given SW radical follow after (are listed under) that radical/component (cf. 以类相从, 同类相从); this usage is a generalization (from radical to component), since not every component is a radical/classifier (some components do not serve as lexical classifiers/radicals).
Compare: 如() rú ‘follow/obey; like/similar’, SW syn. 從 (随从); characters containing a given component are similar in this respect to the component.
Note: 从 cóng ‘heed, listen to (one) another; be close kin/friends; together/associate/accompany; comply/obey’; 從 cóng ‘follow/accompany’.
Compare: 丛/叢() cóng ‘gather/collect’, 众(㐺𥅫眾) zhòng ‘crowd’, 聚() jù ‘gather’; see also: 衣(), 卒(䘚), 旅(𣃨).
Note: Today read 从 cóng (even in 从容 cóngróng ‘calm’, the modern standard reading); except, 黑从从 hēicōngcōng ‘murky’ (many characters have 1st tone in reduplication).
HDZ: 从 : cf. 從
►references: Karlgren:GSR1191d; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:2.829.12; Mathews:6919; Guǎngyùn:036.36,038.18,345.28; Kāngxī Zìdiǎn:368.18; EDOC:1
►components: 彳从龰止
►Cantonese: chuhng\
Shuōwén: (𨑢)
<cdl char='從' uni='5F9E'>
<comp char='彳' uni='5F73' points='0,0 34,128' />
<comp char='' uni='E10C' points='34,0 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='彳' uni='5F73' points='24,0 104,128'>
<stroke type='p' points='107,0 10,46' />
<comp char='亻' uni='4EBB' points='0,38 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='亻' uni='4EBB' points='0,0 56,128'>
<stroke type='p' points='128,0 0,64' />
<stroke type='s' points='86,46 86,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='' uni='E10C'>
<comp char='从' uni='4ECE' variant='1' points='10,0 122,64' />
<comp char='龰' uni='9FB0' points='0,58 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='从' uni='4ECE' variant='1' points='0,0 128,66' radical='K0'>
<comp char='人' uni='4EBA' variant='13' points='0,0 58,128' />
<comp char='人' uni='4EBA' variant='12' points='52,0 128,128' />
<!-- variant based on [U+E6D0](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='人' uni='4EBA' variant='13' points='24,8 104,120' radical='K0'>
<stroke type='p' points='89,0 0,128' tail='long' />
<stroke type='d' points='68,60 128,95' />
<!-- variant based on [U+E6D1](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='人' uni='4EBA' variant='12' points='24,8 104,120' radical='K0'>
<stroke type='p' points='76,0 0,128' />
<stroke type='d' points='64,60 128,110' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EF58](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='龰' uni='9FB0' points='0,20 128,128' radical='Q'>
<comp char='卜' uni='535C' variant='2' points='70,0 114,112' />
<stroke type='wp' points='36,34 0,128' tail='long' />
<stroke type='pn' points='36,48 96,128 128,128' />
<!-- 2013-05-13T15:18:01Z -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='卜' uni='535C' variant='2' points='32,0 96,128' radical='K0'>
<stroke type='s' points='0,0 0,128' tail='cut' />
<stroke type='h' points='0,60 128,60' head='cut' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EFA5](V=0) -->
</cdl>
►stroke 從 (... strokes)
►list characters containing 從 as a component
►list words containing 從 (most common words first)
Unicode: U+5F9E
►web links for ‘從’
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The Wenlin Zidian (namespace Zi)
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