Zi:如
如 [rú] (如果 rúguǒ) if; 如此 rúcǐ like this; 例如 for example; (HDZ:) 顺从, 依照; …
One monosyllabic entry in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):
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The Shuōwén Seal form of 如 rú ‘follow/obey’ combines 女(𠨰) nǚ ‘woman’ (phonosemantic) ,and 口 kǒu ‘mouth/words’; the old meaning ‘follow/obey’ (the words/commands of a man) is said to relate to female slaves/servants (cf. 奴 nú), and to women in general traditionally following/obeying (complying with the wishes of, submitting/attending/yielding to) male family members (her father, brother, husband, or son upon the death of the husband); from ‘doing as told’ extended meanings such as ‘as, according to; similar/like’ are said to derive.
Note: Traditionally, 女 nǚ is not identified as the phonetic in 如 rú, the compound is only 会意 (associative), but as DYC noted, this sometimes implies 亦声 (phonosemantic); the MC initials of 女/如 were distinct, but the finals were similar; both are assigned to the same OC rhyme class; cf. 女 nǜ ‘give as wife’, 奴 nú ‘slave’ (sometimes conflated with 如 as component), and 女/汝/茹 rǔ (GSR).
Note: The SW gloss of 如 as “從隨也” (随从) illustrates an interesting aspect of the meaning of 從/从 in SW component analyses: a character containing a given component is ‘like’ the other characters with that same component; all characters with a given component are in the retinue of that component.
Compare: 亥 hài, in which the component 从 is said to be a man and woman (husband and wife); the woman is following the man (to their home).
Compare: 若 ruò ‘like, as’ (the old syllables and usages are similar).
Compare: 恕 shù ‘(show) empathy/sympathy/compassion’ (仁恕).
Note: 如 rú ‘follow/obey; like/similar; seem; go (after); match; ought; compare; etc.’ (HDZ).
HDZ: 如 : rú : 从随 (随从): 顺从, 依照 (如约, 敢不如命); 如同, 好象 (整旧如新, 十年如一日); 往, 去 (DYC: 从随之引伸); 相当; 应当; 及, 比得上; 奈; 不如; (农历) 二月; 举例 (例如, 譬如); (副词) 将要; (介词) 於 (比较); (连词) (假如; …); (助词) 然; (代词) 女/汝 (rǔ): 第二人称; (姓)
HDC: 從隨 : 随从 : 跟随, 跟从; 跟从者, 侍从者; 追求, 追逐
►references: Guǎngyùn:071.09,363.13; Wieger:67d; Karlgren:AD944,GSR94g; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:2.1025.9; Mathews:3137; Kāngxī Zìdiǎn:255.21; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:037.1.08; EDOC:1
►components: 女口
►Cantonese: yuh\
<cdl char='如' uni='5982' points='0,0 124,128'>
<comp char='女' uni='5973' variant='3' points='0,0 70,128' />
<comp char='口' uni='53E3' points='88,28 128,110' />
<!-- 2016-10-13T22:10:31Z -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='女' uni='5973' variant='3' points='0,0 56,128' radical='K0'>
<stroke type='pd' points='62,0 19,70 122,116' />
<stroke type='p' points='110,36 0,128' head='cut' tail='long' />
<stroke type='h' points='0,36 128,36' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EF8D](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='口' uni='53E3' points='24,24 104,104'>
<comp char='冂' uni='5182' variant='5' points='0,0 128,128' />
<stroke type='h' points='0,128 128,128' head='cut' tail='cut' />
<!-- 2010-03-11T17:40:58Z -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='冂' uni='5182' variant='5' points='4,4 124,128'>
<stroke type='s' points='0,0 0,128' tail='long' />
<stroke type='hz' points='0,0 128,0 128,128' head='cut' tail='long' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EF7E](V=0) -->
</cdl>
►stroke 如 (... strokes)
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Unicode: U+5982
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