Zi:有
有 [yǒu] have; there is; 没有 haven't; 有的 some [yòu] (又 ‘and/also’); (HDZ:) … [wěi] (古水名) 洧
2 monosyllabic entries in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):
►¹yǒu* 有 {A} v. ①have; possess ②be; exist ◆cons. ① ∼ A ∼ B both A and B ‖ ∼ shuō ∼ xiào ∼说∼笑 talking and laughing ② ∼ A wú B have A but not B ‖ ∼ zēng wú jiǎn ∼增无减 increase but not decrease ③ ∼ N kě V there is N which (one) can/may V ‖ ∼ fàn kě chī ∼饭可吃 have food to eat ◆pref. (before names of dynasties) 〈environment:〉 wr. ‖ ∼ Xià ∼夏 the Xia dynasty
►⁹yòu 有 〈environment:〉 wr. adv. also ◆cons. A ∼ B round number A and fractional amount B ‖ sìshí ∼ bā nián 四十∼八年 48 years
The character 有 yǒu ‘have’ derives from older forms in which the top part is 又 yòu ‘hand’, and the bottom part is 月 yuè ‘moon’; in the modern form 有 the old top part 又 becomes 𠂇 (as in 右, 友, 左).
The Shuōwén Seal form of 有(𪠥) yǒu ‘have’ (not lack, what one would improperly/otherwise lack) combines 月 yuè ‘moon’ (representing an abstract object), and 𠂇(又) yòu ‘(strong/dominant) right hand’ (phonosemantic): the hand holds something, and the person has it.
Note: The component 𠂇(又) yòu ‘right hand’ in 有 yǒu is distorted in the modern form (as in 右 yòu, 友 yǒu); 又 is said to be the phonetic, but in old texts 又 is also used to wr. 有 yǒu ‘to have’ (to hold in the hand), and so 又 is phonosemantic in 有 (the hand is that which takes/holds/has things); later 月 was added to represent an abstract object (specifying ‘have’, vs. other old meanings of 又); some guess that the component in older graphs was 肉 ròu ‘meat’ rather than 月 yuè ‘moon’, and this may be so (HDZ); but in SW texts the component is clearly understood as 月 yuè ‘moon’, not ‘meat’; in his SW text DYC explains that the presence of 月 in 有 relates to 日食 ‘solar eclipse’ and 月食 ‘lunar eclipse’: the sun and moon each has that which eclipses it; and just as the sun may be eclipsed (had) by the moon (though it should not be subject to such an inferior), so too anything may be had (moon as archetypal taker/haver, due to its unexpected power over the superior sun); the HDZ gloss follows SW (不宜) in defining 有 ‘have/be’ relative to its opposite 無 ‘lack/nothing’; and 日 ‘sun’ above in 是 ‘be/true’ parallels 月 ‘moon’ below in 有 ‘have/be’; also, in the SW gloss the character 宜(宐) ‘fit/proper’ (contrasting ‘what is or should be’ with ‘what isn't or ought not be’), formerly also wr. 𡪀 and 𡨆, has a different 夕 ‘moon’ component, used as abstract quantifier in 多/𡖇 ‘much’; to have the 月 ‘moon’ (a celestial if less tangible/practical possession) in your 又 ‘hand’ might be too much or not enough; and, to have 肉 ‘meat/food’ would be more tangible mundane power; the SW Seal glyphs for 月 yuè ‘moon’ and 肉 ròu ‘meat’ are similar, depending on the textual edition; and the syllables are phonologically similar in MC and earlier, but they are not homophones; much confusion in Ch. dictionaries (and in CJK character encoding) results from the old problem of distinguishing the 月 ‘moon’ and 肉 ‘meat’ radicals/components.
Compare: 右(𠮢) yòu ‘right (hand/side)’, formerly wr. 又 yòu ‘(strong/dominant) right hand’; 友(㕛) yǒu ‘friend’; 𠂇/左 zuǒ ‘left’.
Compare: 佑 yòu ‘help’, formerly wr. 右(𠮢) yòu ‘help’; 姷 yòu ‘help/encourage sb.’, also wr. 侑.
Note: The reading 有 yòu (also wr. 又 yòu ‘and/also’) occurs in numeric expressions such as 六十有四卦 ‘Sixty-four hexagrams’; the rare reading 有 Wěi (anc. river name) is also wr. 洧.
HDZ: 有 : yǒu : (古) 有非 ‘不宜有’ 之义, 持有, (古) 从又持肉, 不从月; (SW: 不宜有) (ant. 無; cf. 䆜) (存在; 呈现, 产生, 发生; 领有, 具有, 专有, 拥有); 取, 获得; 保存, 保护 (cf. 右, 祐, 佑); 丰收; 果; (哲学) (ant. 无), 指可感觉的实物, 最普遍的存在; 确定的, 可计数的; (连用) 一部分 (威有三: 有道德…, 有暴察…, 有狂妄…); 不定指; …; (姓) • yòu : 又 • wěi : (古水名) 洧
►references: Guǎngyùn:321.07; Wieger:46h; Karlgren:AD249,GSR995o; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:3.2041.5; Mathews:7533; Kāngxī Zìdiǎn:504.20; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:025.0.07; Wáng(1993):128; EDOC:1
►components: 𠂇月
►Cantonese: yauh/ yauh-
<cdl char='有' uni='6709' radical='Z4'>
<comp char='𠂇' uni='20087' variant='3' points='0,0 128,80' />
<comp char='月' uni='6708' variant='6' points='40,54 108,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='𠂇' uni='20087' variant='3'>
<stroke type='h' points='8,40 128,40' />
<stroke type='p' points='64,0 0,128' tail='long' />
<!-- variant based on [U+E2CF](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='月' uni='6708' variant='6' points='16,4 112,128'>
<comp char='冂' uni='5182' variant='4' points='0,0 128,128' />
<comp char='二' uni='4E8C' variant='5' points='0,35 128,69' />
<!-- variant based on [U+2E9D](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='冂' uni='5182' variant='4' points='4,4 124,128' radical='K0'>
<stroke type='s' points='0,0 0,128' />
<stroke type='hzg' points='0,0 128,0 128,128 82,106' head='cut' />
<!-- variant based on [U+E6DA](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='二' uni='4E8C' variant='5' points='0,4 128,124' radical='K0'>
<stroke type='h' points='0,0 128,0' head='cut' tail='cut' />
<stroke type='h' points='0,128 128,128' head='cut' tail='cut' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EF79](V=0) -->
</cdl>
►stroke 有 (... strokes)
►list characters containing 有 as a component
►list words containing 有 (most common words first)
Unicode: U+6709
►web links for ‘有’
search web for ‘有’: ►Google ►GT ►Baidu ►Bing ►Yahoo
The Wenlin Zidian (namespace Zi)
URL: https://wenlin.co/wow/Zi:%E6%9C%89
Refresh this page
