Zi:知
知 [zhī] (知道 zhīdao) know; 知识 zhīshi knowledge [zhì] 智 wisdom/intelligence/knowledge; (HDZ:) …
2 monosyllabic entries in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):
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The Shuōwén Seal form of 知 zhī/zhì ‘know/knowledge’ combines 口(𠙵) kǒu ‘mouth/words’, and 矢 shǐ ‘arrow’ (phonosemantic).
Note: In 知, the right-side component 口 kǒu ‘mouth’ functions as in 右 yòu ‘right hand’, the strong/dominant hand which (with the 左 help of the left hand holding the bow handle) is able to draw the string/arrow to the archer's nose/mouth/cheek, aiming carefully/skillfully to hit the target; the right-side component 矢 shǐ ‘arrow’ functions as in 疾(𥏂𥏴𥐃𥏃) jí ‘quick/urgent’: thoughts are quick/instant, knowledge is urgent/critical (XK); cf. 疾, in which 矢 shǐ (phonosemantic); old forms of 智(𥏼) and 疾(𥏴𥐃𥏃𠥻) are similar.
Compare: 智(𥏼𥏾) zhì ‘wisdom (knowing words)’, in which 知 zhī/zhì (phonosemantic); 智 was formerly wr. 𥏾, with 𦣞(𦣝) yí ‘jaws/chin/cheeks’ (as in 頤), not 口 ‘mouth/words’; in SW the glosses of 智/知 are very similar if not syn. (知詞, vs. 智識詞), the old syllables/meanings were very similar, and in old texts the two characters were often used interchangeably (DYC); 知 was formerly also wr. 𢇻, and 𥎿/𥎵 (with 吁/可/号, not simply 口).
Compare: 知 zhī ← MC /ʈie/; 智 zhì ← MC /ʈies/; 矢 shǐ ← MC /ɕieiʔ/; 疾 jí ← MC /dziet/ (SBGY)
Compare: 智 zhì (n.) ‘wisdom’ (tone 4), vs. 知 zhī (v.) ‘know’ (tone 1); in modern usage the tones are different, but 智/知 were often used interchangeably in old texts (DYC); the old 白(𪞶𦣹自) zì ‘nose/self’ component of 智(𥏼) may have been intended to specify the nominal form/meaning; cf. 智.
“[知] Know, understand, perceive — ‘to 口 speak so as to 矢 hit the mark’, says the scholastic commentator” —Karlgren(AD).
Compare: 识/識 zhì ‘(royal) banner/flag; know (duty)’; 志(𢗍) zhì ‘will/intent’.
HDZ: 知 : zhī : 知识 (求知欲, 真知灼见); 知觉, 感觉; 知道, 了解 (知无不言); 使知道, 告知 (通知, 知照, 知单); 识别, 区别; 记忆, 记住; 表现, 显露; 主持, 掌管; 优遇, 赏识; 交游, 交往; 相契, 要好; 知己, 知交; 病愈; 欲念; 匹配, 配偶; (助词); 是 • zhì : 智: 智慧; 志: 志气; (姓)
►references: Guǎngyùn:049.05; Wieger:131e; Henshall:169; Karlgren:AD1218,GSR863a; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:4.2581.2; Mathews:932; Kāngxī Zìdiǎn:824.01; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:081.1.09; Wáng(1993):154; EDOC:1
►components: 矢口
►Cantonese: ji\ ji-
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Unicode: U+77E5
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