Zi:研: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 04:33, 9 June 2019

研 [yán] grind; (研究 yánjiū) study; (HDZ:) 细磨, 碾为粉末; 研究; … [yàn] 硯; 平正 [xíng] (地名) 石研關

One monosyllabic entry in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):

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The Shuōwén Seal form of 研(硏) yán ‘grind/pulverize; polish’ (研磨) combines 石 (shí) ‘stone’, and 开(幵) qiān ‘level/balanced’ (phonosemantic); formerly also wr. 揅.
    Compare: 研磨 yánmó ‘study/ponder; crush/pulverize’ (HDC).
    Note: The right side part 幵 qiān ‘level/balanced’ is today wr. like 开/開 kāi ‘open’.
    Compare: 形 xíng ‘image/form/shape’; 并(𢆙幷) bìng ‘combine/together’.
    Compare: 砚/硯 yàn ‘smooth stone; inkstone’ (also wr. 研); 妍(姸) yán ‘smart/skilled/polished/beautiful’.
    HDZ: 研 : yán : (SW: 䃺) 细磨 (cf. 䃺/磨, 摩), 碾为粉末 (cf. 研磨); 研究; 精细, 详尽; 妍: 妍好; (姓) • yàn : 硯: (一种光滑的石头 (cf. 滑石); 砚台); 平正 (cf. 趼/研 yán: 兽蹄平正) • xíng : (地名) 石研關
    HDC: 研磨 : 研究琢磨; 细磨使粉碎或光滑
    HDC: 研精 : 尽心, 专心; 穷究精义; 精研 (精心研习; 精深)
►references: Guǎngyùn:135.23,408.14; Wieger:115b; Karlgren:AD379,GSR239g; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:4.2418.14; Mathews:7341; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:110.1.04; EDOC:1
►components: 石开幵
 ►Cantonese: yihn\
►stroke 研 (... strokes)
►list characters containing 研 as a component
►list words containing 研 (most common words first)
Unicode: U+7814
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-<WL>研 [yán] grind; (研究 yánjiū) study  @@[yàn] [xíng]
+<WL>研 [yán] grind; (研究 yánjiū) study@@; (HDZ:) 细磨, 碾为粉末; 研究; …  [yàn] 硯; 平正  [xíng] (地名) 石研關
-From 石 (shí) ‘stone’ and 开(幵) qiān phonetic. The right side is now written like 开 kāi ‘open’, but it was a originally a character 幵 qiān ‘level’, composed of 干 (gān) doubled. 幵 is obsolete. In 研 yán the horizontal strokes were joined to look like 开 kāi. The lower part of 并 bìng has the same origin.
+The Shuōwén Seal form of 研(􁧀硏) yán ‘grind/pulverize; polish’ (研磨) combines 石 (shí) ‘stone’, and 开(􂟾幵) qiān ‘level/balanced’ (phonosemantic); formerly also wr. 揅(􂇡).
-#rG.135.23,408.14 W.115b K.AD379,GSR239g D.4.2418.14 M.7341 B.110.1.04
+	Compare: 研磨 yánmó ‘study/ponder; crush/pulverize’ (HDC).
-#c石开幵
+	Note: The right side part 幵(􂟾) qiān ‘level/balanced’ is today wr. like 开/開(􂃍) kāi ‘open’.
-#y yihn\</WL>
+	Compare: 形(􁡪) xíng ‘image/form/shape’; 并(􁙡𢆙幷) bìng ‘combine/together’.
+	Compare: 砚/硯(􁧇) yàn ‘smooth stone; inkstone’ (also wr. 研); 妍(􂌁姸) yán ‘smart/skilled/polished/beautiful’.
+	HDZ: 研 : yán : (SW: 䃺) 细磨 (cf. 䃺/磨, 摩), 碾为粉末 (cf. 研磨); 研究; 精细, 详尽; 妍: 妍好; (姓) • yàn : 硯: (一种光滑的石头 (cf. 滑石); 砚台); 平正 (cf. 趼/研 yán: 兽蹄平正) • xíng : (地名) 石研關
+	HDC: 研磨 : 研究琢磨; 细磨使粉碎或光滑
+	HDC: 研精 : 尽心, 专心; 穷究精义; 精研 (精心研习; 精深)
+#rG.135.23,408.14 W.115b K.AD379,GSR239g D.4.2418.14 M.7341 B.110.1.04 E.1
+#c石开幵
+#y yihn\
+</WL>