Zi:来
来(F來) [lái] come; 将来 future; 原来 it turns out; 看来 it seems; (书) 来牟 wheat and barley [lai] 起来 get up [lài] cf. 來
One monosyllabic entry in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):
►¹lái* 来[來] {A} v. ①come; arrive ‖ Dào zhèbiān(r) ∼. 到这边(儿)∼。 Come over here. ②crop up; take place ③bring ④do (specific meaning depending on context) ‖ Ràng wǒ ∼. 让我∼。 Let me do it. ‖ ∼ diǎnr chī de. ∼点儿吃的。 Bring sth. to eat. ◆suf. ①ability ‖ zuòbu∼ 作不∼ don't know how to do it ②worthwhile effort/expense ‖ huáde∼ 划得∼ worth the money ③beginning of an action ‖ tíqị̌ bǐ ∼ 提起笔∼ pick up a pen to write ④hypothetical action ‖ xiǎng∼/shuō∼ hǎoxiào 想∼/说∼好笑 funny to think/speak of ⑤-ly (after numerals) ‖ yī∼ 一∼ firstly ‖ èr∼ 二∼ secondly ⑥time (since) ‖ duō nián ∼ 多年∼ for many years ◆b.f. ①future; later ►jiānglái 将来 ►hòulái 后来 ②coming ►láilín 来临 ③since ►shēnglái 生来 ►běnlái 本来 ◆adv. over; and more ‖ sānshí ∼ suì 三十∼岁 over 30 years old ◆conj. (in order) to ‖ chàng ge gēr ∼ còu rènao 唱个歌儿∼凑热闹 sing a song to liven things ◆cons. ① V ∼ V qù V back and forth ‖ zǒu∼zǒuqù 走∼走去 walk back and forth ② wǒ(men) ∼ V let me/us V ③ {D} cóng A ∼ jiǎng/kàn/shuō speaking/viewing/speaking from consideration of A ‖ cóng wǒ ∼ shuō, ... 从我∼说, … in my view, ... See also láizhe
The simple-form character 来 (7 strokes) is an abbrev. of the full-form character 來 (8 strokes), replacing the full-form component 𠓜 (4 strokes) with 䒑 (3 strokes).
The Shuōwén Seal form of 来/來 lái ‘wheat’ (瑞麦) is said to depict a wheat plant with 𠓜 liǎng (两) two/multiple/abundant 夆/丰 spikes/ears of grain; the roots are like 禾 or 木, but the branches droop down (heavy with ears of grain); formerly also wr. 𥟂/䅘(麳𪎂) lái ‘wheat’.
Note: 来/來 lái ‘come/arrive; not yet come; future’ is an old usage said to derive from storing part of the grain harvest to serve as seed for coming/future (multiple/ongoing) plantings/harvests (以穀俱來 ‘use/plant seed to provide for the future’); later also wr. 徕/徠 (从来/徠), cf. 䚅 lái ‘introspect/introspection’.
Note: The form 𥟂/䅘(麳𪎂) lái ‘wheat’ was created to distinguish the old 來 ‘wheat’ usage from the 來 lái ‘come/future’ usage (cf. obs. 逨 ‘come’), but since the ‘wheat’ usage is largely obsolete except in the word 来牟/麰 ‘wheat/barley’ (𥟂/来牟/麰), the augmented forms 𥟂/䅘 are rarely seen; cf. 麦, which refers to both wheat and barley.
Compare: 麦/麥 mài ‘wheat; barley; rye; oats’; 来牟/麰 láimóu ‘wheat/barley’; 小麦 xiǎomài ‘wheat’, 大麦 dàmài ‘barley’.
Compare: 丰/豐(𣍈) fēng ‘abundant harvest’, in which 丰(𡴀) fēng is doubled.
Note: As a verb and grammatical function word, 来/來 has a wide range of usages, referring not only to future, but also original/former/past times (come down to the present).
Compare: 来/來 lái ‘come/arrive; not yet come; future; do; give’; 将来 ‘future’; 本来 ‘originally’, 原來 ‘formerly’; 看起来 ‘it seems (comes to be seen)’; 说来话长 ‘it's a long story’.
►references: Wieger:13c; Karlgren:AD511; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:1.21.9; Lindqvist:350; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:047.0.02; Wáng(1993):44; EDOC:0
►components: 未丷末木八
►Cantonese: loih\
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</cdl>
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Unicode: U+6765
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