Zi:習
習(S习) [xí] study (學習); practice/exercise (練習); habit/custom (習慣); (HDZ:) 鸟类频频试飞; …; (姓)
One monosyllabic entry in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):
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HDZ: 習 : xí : 鸟类频频试飞; 学习; 复习, 温习; 积, 重迭; 了解, 熟悉; 习惯, 习染; 狎, 亲近, 亲信; 教, 训练; 作为; 调节; (副词) 频度, 常常, 经常; 襲: 相因, 重复; (姓)
(Explanation from the entry for the simple form 习:) The simple-form character 习 xí ‘study/practice’ (3 strokes) is an abbrev. of the full-form character 習 (11 strokes), reducing the full-form character to its first 3 strokes (left half of 羽), and omitting the rest (8 strokes; the right half of 羽, and all of 白).
The Shuōwén Seal form of 習() xí ‘learning to fly’ combines 羽(𦏲) yǔ ‘feathers/wings/flight’, and the old form 白(𪞶𦣹自) zì ‘oneself/itself’ (phonosemantic): the fledgling bird teaches itself (learns, gains the wisdom) to fly, in repeated attempts/failures (falling out of the nest); practice builds good habits (makes perfect), on the path to flight/wisdom.
Compare: 𥱵(篲彗) suì/huì ‘broom; comet’; 慧() huì ‘clever/wise’; 智(𥏼𥏾) zhì ‘wisdom’ (智慧=慧智: 聪慧机智).
Note: In the old form of 彗(), 𥱵(篲) suì/huì ← MC /ziueis/, the component is 習() xí (phonetic) ← MC /ziep/; cf. 自(𦣹) zì ← MC /dzieis/ (SBGY).
Compare: 皆() jiē/xié ‘all/harmony’ ← MC /kei/, in which the old lower component is also 白(𪞶𦣹自) zì ‘nose/self’.
Note: In the modern simple form 习, the upper full-form component 羽 (two wings) is abbrev. to 习 (one wing), and the lower component (白/自 zì ‘self’, not 白 bái ‘white’) is omitted entirely.
“[習] Young birds learning to fly; to practise; be familiar with; custom — the seal has 自 below: use ones 自 own 羽 wings” —Karlgren(AD).
“[自] Starting point, the origin, beginning, evolution; the nose being, according to the Chinese embryology, the starting point of the bodily evolution” —Wieger.
“The 自 (contracted) first attempts to 羽 fly, made by a young bird; 从羽, 从自, 会意。By extension, to repeat the same act, to practice” —Wieger.
Older graphs associated with 習 seem to have a shape like 口 or 日 below, perhaps signifying the bird nest/egg (HDZ).
Compare: 西(㢴𧟢) xī ‘west’, said to depict a bird sitting on its nest; 曾(), 橧/增 zēng ‘twig nest’.
Compare: 昔(㫺) xī ‘dried meat; old’, 昔 cuò ‘coarse/crude; mistake’ (錯).
Compare: 皆() jiē/xié ‘all/harmony’, in which also 白(𪞶) zì ‘nose/self’.
►references: Karlgren:GSR690a; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:5.3345.1; Mathews:2499; Guǎngyùn:531.26; Kāngxī Zìdiǎn:956.23; EDOC:1
►components: 羽白习
►Cantonese: jaahp-
<cdl char='習' uni='7FD2' points='4,4 124,124'>
<comp char='羽' uni='7FBD' points='0,0 128,62' />
<comp char='白' uni='767D' points='18,64 114,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='羽' uni='7FBD' points='0,4 124,128'>
<comp char='习' uni='4E60' points='0,0 52,128' />
<comp char='习' uni='4E60' points='72,0 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='习' uni='4E60' points='12,8 116,128' radical='D1 K15 Z2'>
<stroke type='hzg' points='0,0 128,0 112,128 73,115' />
<stroke type='d' points='34,20 64,48' />
<stroke type='t' points='6,100 88,68' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='白' uni='767D' points='24,0 104,124'>
<stroke type='p' points='66,0 28,42' />
<comp char='日' uni='65E5' points='0,42 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='日' uni='65E5' points='24,8 104,120'>
<comp char='冂' uni='5182' variant='5' points='0,0 128,128' />
<comp char='二' uni='4E8C' variant='5' points='0,60 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='冂' uni='5182' variant='5' points='4,4 124,128'>
<stroke type='s' points='0,0 0,128' tail='long' />
<stroke type='hz' points='0,0 128,0 128,128' head='cut' tail='long' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EF7E](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='二' uni='4E8C' variant='5' points='0,4 128,124' radical='K0'>
<stroke type='h' points='0,0 128,0' head='cut' tail='cut' />
<stroke type='h' points='0,128 128,128' head='cut' tail='cut' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EF79](V=0) -->
</cdl>
►stroke 習 (... strokes)
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Unicode: U+7FD2
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