Zi:后: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:55, 9 June 2019

后 [hòu] 王后 queen (太后 ‘empress dowager’); (F後) after, behind; later; future; (HDZ:) … [gòu] 逅/遘 [xiàng] (HDC:) 后/缿/項槖

2 monosyllabic entries in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):

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The character 后 hòu conflates two old characters: ⑴ 后 hòu ‘monarch; queen’, and ⑵ 後 hòu ‘after’; today 后 is most often seen as the simple form of 後 hòu ‘after’.
    The Shuōwén Seal form of 后 hòu ‘hereditary monarch/lord’ is said to combine 人 rén ‘person’, in a form rather like 𠂋(𡰣尸), with 口(𠙵) kǒu ‘mouth/speak/command’ (as in 命); the old meaning was ‘monarch/king’, and later ‘feudal lord’, ‘queen consort’ (王后, 皇后, 太后).
    Compare: 君(𠱭) jūn ‘feudal lord’, syn. 后.
    Compare: 司 sī ‘servant/minister’, which reverses 后; 垕(𠪋厚) hòu ‘thick/rich’ (后 is attested for 厚 in HDZ).
    Older graphs (甲骨文) associated with 后 are thought to be connected with 毓(育) yù ‘a woman in childbirth’; in that character, on the left is 每(𡴋) ‘flourishing mother’ (augmented form of 母 ‘mother’), and on the right is 㐬(𡿮𠫓) liú ‘baby upside down’ (being born head-first, not a breech birth); in the modern character 后, think of 𠂋(𡰣尸) as the reclining mother, and of 口 as the crown of the child's head (cf. 司, 嗣, 始).
    Note: The convention of using 后 for 後 is at least as old as the Book of Rites (禮記), one of the Confucian classics.
    HDZ: 后 hòu : 君主; 诸侯; 帝王的妻子; 官长; 土神; 後 (ant. 先); 厚: 大, 重; 姤/逅/遘; (简化字) 後; (姓)
    HDC: 繼體 : 嫡子继承帝位; 继位; 子女
 ►references: Guǎngyùn:325.15,437.34; Wieger:30c; Karlgren:AD78,81,GS112a,GSR112a; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:1.580.1; Mathews:2144; Kāngxī Zìdiǎn:176.01; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:031.0.07; Wáng(1993):25,191; EDOC:1
►components: 𠂋口𠂆一
 ►Cantonese: hauh-
►stroke 后 (... strokes)
►list characters containing 后 as a component
►list words containing 后 (most common words first)
Unicode: U+540E
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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <WL>后 [hòu] 王后 queen (太后 ‘empress dowager’); (F後) after, behind; later; future@@; (HDZ:) …  [gòu] 逅/遘  [xiàng] (HDC:) 后/缿/項槖
 #i3
-The character 后 hòu conflates two old characters: 后(􁢦) hòu ‘monarch; queen’, and 後(􀔷) hòu ‘after’; today 后 is most often seen as the simple form of 後(􀔷) hòu ‘after’.
+The character 后 hòu conflates two old characters: ⑴ 后(􁢦) hòu ‘monarch; queen’, and ⑵ 後(􀔷) hòu ‘after’; today 后 is most often seen as the simple form of 後(􀔷) hòu ‘after’.
 	The Shuōwén Seal form of 后(􁢦) hòu ‘hereditary monarch/lord’ is said to combine 人(􁕎) rén ‘person’, in a form rather like 𠂋(􁜗𡰣尸), with 口(􀌼𠙵) kǒu ‘mouth/speak/command’ (as in 命); the old meaning was ‘monarch/king’, and later ‘feudal lord’, ‘queen consort’ (王后, 皇后, 太后).
 	Compare: 君(􀍿􀎀𠱭) jūn ‘feudal lord’, syn. 后(􁢦).
 	Compare: 司(􁢨) sī ‘servant/minister’, which reverses 后(􁢦); 垕(􀺄􀺃𠪋厚) hòu ‘thick/rich’ (后 is attested for 厚 in HDZ).
 	Older graphs (甲骨文) associated with 后 are thought to be connected with 毓(􂥪􂥩育) yù ‘a woman in childbirth’; in that character, on the left is 每(􀄁𡴋) ‘flourishing mother’ (augmented form of 母 ‘mother’), and on the right is 㐬(􂥨𡿮􂥧𠫓) liú ‘baby upside down’ (being born head-first, not a breech birth); in the modern character 后, think of 𠂋(􁜗𡰣尸) as the reclining mother, and of 口 as the crown of the child's head (cf. 司, 嗣, 始).
-	Note: The convention of writing 后 instead of 後 is at least as old as the Book of Rites (禮記), one of the Confucian classics.
+	Note: The convention of using 后 for 後 is at least as old as the Book of Rites (禮記), one of the Confucian classics.
 	HDZ: 后 hòu : 君主; 诸侯; 帝王的妻子; 官长; 土神; 後 (ant. 先); 厚: 大, 重; 姤/逅/遘; (简化字) 後; (姓)
 	HDC: 繼體 : 嫡子继承帝位; 继位; 子女
 #rG.325.15,437.34 W.30c K.AD78,81,GS112a,GSR112a D.1.580.1 M.2144 KX..176.01 B.031.0.07 WHY...25,191 E.1
-#c𠂋口𠂆一
+#c𠂋口𠂆一
 #y hauh-
 </WL>