Difference between revisions of "Zi:并"

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<WL>并 [bìng] (F併) combine, merge; (F並) and; equally; truly  [bīng] 并州@@ [bǐng] 屏, 屏弃; 屏退 (cf. 幷) [bàn] (F並)  [bàng] (F並) (HDC)
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<WL>并 [bìng] (F併) combine, merge; (F並) and; equally; truly@@; (HDZ:) cf. 幷 [bīng] 并州  [bǐng] (HDC:) 屏弃, 屏退, 抑制 [bàn] (F並)  [bàng] (F並) (HDC)
 
#i4
 
#i4
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Both forms 并(􁙡𢆙幷) and 並(􁱷𠀤竝並󰀂) originally depicted two people standing side by side.  
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The simple-form character 并 bìng, and the full-form character 並 bìng, formerly distinguished as below, are today uniformly wr. 并 among simple form characters; both forms 并/並 are said to derive from old graphs depicting two people standing side-by-side, though the old pronunciations and usages were sometimes rather different (see below); the full-form character 併 is also wr. 并 among simple form characters (cf. 併).
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并/幷 (by one explanation, with reference to the oldest forms of the character) derives from 从 ‘two people’, joined together by one or two horizontal lines; compare 卒.
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The simple-form character 并 is an abbrev. of the old form 𢆙(􁙡), replacing the old top component 𠚪/从 (人 ‘person’ doubled) with 丷 two dots, and the lower part 幵 with a shape like 开 below.
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But Shuōwén explains 􁙡(𢆙幷并) as being comprised of 􁙟(从; cf. 􁙢比􁙣夶; 􁱷𠀤) atop 􂟾(幵开), the latter (“幵, 平也”) being phonetic (modern 幵 jiān/qiān, also said to be phonetic in 􁡪形). Of 并, HDZ says only ‘同 “幷”’ (q.v.).
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The Shuōwén Seal form of 并(􁙡𢆙幷) bìng ‘combine/together’ combines 从(􁙟) cóng ‘follow’, and 开/幵(􂟾) jiān/qiān ‘level/balanced’ (phonosemantic); elevated to the same level/height; cf. 幵(􂟾).
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Shuōwén explains 􁱷(𠀤竝並並󰀂) as being derived from 立 (lì) ‘big standing man’ doubled: 夶 ‘two men standing together’ on 一 ‘common ground’.
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The full-form character 並 is an abbrev. of the old form 竝(􁱷), doubling 立 (a 大 ‘big man’ standing on a line 一 representing the earth/ground).
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Thus, the two characters 并/並 formerly were regarded as distinct (they have separate entries in Shuōwén); Karlgren(1923) says they were cognate words but not identical.
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The Shuōwén Seal form of 並(􁱷𠀤竝) bìng ‘side-by-side’ (併) doubles 立(􁱢) lì ‘standing man’: 夶(􁙣􁙢比 bì/bǐ) two men standing together, side-by-side on 一 common ground, with equal/shared footing; later wr. 併(􁖷倂).
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Nowadays, works such as 《汉字正字手册》 say the two are to be regarded as a single character, uniformly written 并.
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Note: In SW 並(􁱷𠀤竝) is glossed 併(􁖷倂), which was formerly wr. 并(􁙡𢆙幷); 並 bìng ‘side-by-side’ was later wr. 傡/𠊧/併; modern readings have merged, MC readings were distinct (see below).
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When the two forms 并/並 are distinguished, the verb ‘combine’ is written with 并 or with its more complex variant 併 (or 倂), while the adverb/conjunction ‘together’ is written with 並, as are most of the common compound words.
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Compare: 并(􁙡𢆙幷) bìng ← MC /piaŋ/piaŋs/; 並(􁱷𠀤竝) bìng ← MC /biŋʔ/; 併(􁖷倂) bìng ← MC /biŋʔ/piaŋs/ (SBGY).
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In 《汉语大词典》 the character 并 bìng is used for verbal 併 ‘combine, merge, gather together’ (合并, 聚合) and verbal/adverbial 併/並 ‘merge/together’ (兼并, 并吞 ‘annex (territory)’; 并且 ‘adv./conj.’) meanings; 并 bìng is also said to be used for 屏 píng as in 屏藩 ‘buffer’ (annexed territorial buffer); 并 bǐng (屏弃, 屏退, 抑制) ‘discard/abandon/retire/check’ is another old verbal reading; 并 bīng in an old place name “并州” derives from 《廣韻》 and 《集韻》.
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Note: Today, PRC sources such as 《汉字正字手册》 say that 并/並 are to be regarded as a single character, uniformly wr. 并; when the two forms 并/並 are distinguished, the verb ‘combine’ is wr. 并 or with its more complex variant 併(􁖷倂), while the adverb/conjunction ‘together’ is wr. 並, as are most of the common compound words.
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#rG.192.33,431.19 W.115b,60L K.AD741,742,GSR824b D.1.242.6 M.5292 B.034.1.02
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Note: In HDC the character 并 bìng is used for verbal 併 ‘combine, merge, gather together’ (合并, 聚合) and verbal/adverbial 併/並 ‘merge/together’ (兼并, 并吞 ‘annex territory’); 并且 ‘adv./conj.’; 并 bìng is also used for 屏 píng as in 屏藩 ‘buffer’ (annexed territorial buffer); another old verbal reading is 并 bǐng (cf. 屏弃, 屏退, 抑制; 屏, 摒, 拼, 𢪴/拚) ‘discard/abandon/retire/check’; cf. 并 bīng, in 并州 (old place name) (SBGY).
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#c丷开幵干
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HDZ: 并 : cf. 幷
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#rG.192.33,431.19 W.115b,60L K.AD741,742,GSR824b D.1.242.6 M.5292 B.034.1.02 WHY...165 E.1
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#c丷开幵干
 
#y bing\ bing-
 
#y bing\ bing-
 
</WL>
 
</WL>

Latest revision as of 03:31, 27 July 2018

并 [bìng] (F​併) combine, merge; (F​並) and; equally; truly; (HDZ:) cf. ​幷 [bīng] 并​州 [bǐng] (HDC:) ​屏​弃, ​屏​退, ​抑​制 [bàn] (F​並) [bàng] (F​並) (HDC)

3 monosyllabic entries in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):

►¹bìng* To view this entry, please log in
►²bìng To view this entry, please log in
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5e76.png
The simple-form character 并 bìng, and the full-form character ​並 bìng, formerly distinguished as below, are today uniformly wr. 并 among simple form characters; both forms 并/​並 are said to derive from old graphs depicting two people standing side-by-side, though the old pronunciations and usages were sometimes rather different (see below); the full-form character ​併 is also wr. 并 among simple form characters (cf. ​併).
    The simple-form character 并 is an abbrev. of the old form ​𢆙, replacing the old top component ​𠚪/​从 (​人 ‘person’ doubled) with ​丷 two dots, and the lower part ​幵 with a shape like ​开 below.
    The Shuōwén Seal form of 并(​𢆙​幷) bìng ‘combine/together’ combines ​从 cóng ‘follow’, and ​开/​幵 jiān/qiān ‘level/balanced’ (phonosemantic); elevated to the same level/height; cf. ​幵.
    The full-form character ​並 is an abbrev. of the old form ​竝, doubling ​立 (a ​大 ‘big man’ standing on a line ​一 representing the earth/ground).
    The Shuōwén Seal form of ​並(​𠀤​竝) bìng ‘side-by-side’ (​併) doubles ​立 lì ‘standing man’: ​夶(​比 bì/bǐ) two men standing together, side-by-side on ​一 common ground, with equal/shared footing; later wr. ​併(​倂).
    Note: In SW ​並(​𠀤​竝) is glossed ​併(​倂), which was formerly wr. 并(​𢆙​幷); ​並 bìng ‘side-by-side’ was later wr. ​傡/​𠊧/​併; modern readings have merged, MC readings were distinct (see below).
    Compare: 并(​𢆙​幷) bìng ← MC /piaŋ/piaŋs/; ​並(​𠀤​竝) bìng ← MC /biŋʔ/; ​併(​倂) bìng ← MC /biŋʔ/piaŋs/ (SBGY).
    Note: Today, PRC sources such as 《​汉​字​正​字​手​册》 say that 并/​並 are to be regarded as a single character, uniformly wr. 并; when the two forms 并/​並 are distinguished, the verb ‘combine’ is wr. 并 or with its more complex variant ​併(​倂), while the adverb/conjunction ‘together’ is wr. ​並, as are most of the common compound words.
    Note: In HDC the character 并 bìng is used for verbal ​併 ‘combine, merge, gather together’ (​合并, ​聚​合) and verbal/adverbial ​併/​並 ‘merge/together’ (​兼并, 并​吞 ‘annex territory’); 并​且 ‘adv./conj.’; 并 bìng is also used for ​屏 píng as in ​屏​藩 ‘buffer’ (annexed territorial buffer); another old verbal reading is 并 bǐng (cf. ​屏​弃, ​屏​退, ​抑​制; ​屏, ​摒, ​拼, ​𢪴/​拚) ‘discard/abandon/retire/check’; cf. 并 bīng, in 并​州 (old place name) (SBGY).
    HDZ: 并 : cf. ​幷
►references: Guǎngyùn:192.33,431.19; Wieger:115b,60L; Karlgren:AD741,742,GSR824b; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:1.242.6; Mathews:5292; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:034.1.02; Wáng(1993):165; EDOC:1
►components: ​丷​开​​幵​干
►Cantonese: bing\ bing-
►stroke 并 (... strokes)   
►list characters containing 并 as a component
►list words containing 并 (most common words first)
Unicode: U+5E76
►web links for ‘并’
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