Difference between revisions of "Zi:么"

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<WL>么 [me] (F麼) (suffix:) 什么; 怎么 [má] 麽/麼/吗  [yāo] (S幺) small@@  [mó] 麽  [ma] 吗
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<WL>么 [me] (F麼) 那么 like/so; (int. suf.) 什么 what? [má] 麽/麼/吗  [yāo] (S幺) small@@; (HDZ:) … [mó] 麽  [ma] 吗
 
#i4
 
#i4
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么 originated as another way of writing 幺 (yāo) ‘small’, depicting two tiny silk cocoons. Another word meaning ‘small’ is 麽 or 麼 mó, written with 么 or 幺 plus 麻 má phonetic on top.
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The character 么 is an old common variant form of older 幺 yāo ‘small’ (cf. 幺); as a component 么 is the bottom part of the simple-form character 麽 mó (cf. 麽).
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The second syllable of the modern words shénme ‘what’, zěnme ‘how’, nàme ‘so’, etc., also came to be written with the character 麽 or 麼.
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Note: In simple-form texts 么 -me (int. suf.) replaces the full-form character 麼 -me (as in 那么, 什么).
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Now among simple form characters, 么 is used instead of 麽 in 那么 nàme etc., but 麽 is used in the word 幺麽 yāomó ‘insignificant’.
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Note: In full-form texts 么 yāo replaces the older form 幺 yāo (though 幺 is still used in simple-form and trad. texts, and as a component).
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On the other hand, among full form characters, 麼 is used for writing 那麼 nàme etc., and 么 is used to write yāo in 么麼 yāomó ‘insignificant’.
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Note: The simple form 麽(⿸麻么) mó ‘small’ is a later/slight modification of the older/full form 麼(⿸麻幺) mó ‘small’; cf. 麽.
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#rW.90a K.AD593 D.1.33.2 M.7282 KX..82.03 B.003.1.02
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Note: There are four related forms in the two old simple/full encodings, three of which are simple-form characters: 么 (GB/Big5); 幺 (GB); 麽 (GB); 麼 (Big5).
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Compare: Full form 那麼 → Simple form 那么 nàme ‘like/so’; Full form 什麼 → Simple form 什么 shénme ‘what?’.
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Compare: Full form 么麼 → Simple form 幺麽 yāomó ‘petty/insignificant’ (not *幺么, nor *么么); this usage is only (书) literary (GFC).
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Compare: Formerly 幺 yāo → Full/Simple 么 yāo.
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Note: 幺 is a trad. form (not encoded in Big5, though 幺 is the component in the Big5 form 麼); the full-form character 麼 (mó/me/ma) was later wr. 麽 (me/ma) in an attempt to distinguish those readings, but the two characters 麼/麽 were subsequently used interchangeably, and 麽 became the simple form for the reading 麽 mó; the simple-form character 么 arose by back-formation (from 麽), replacing the older form 幺 in both full and simple texts, though 幺 (the trad. form) is still the component form seen in numerous compound characters.
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HDZ: 么 : yāo : 幺 (俗字) • mó (又读 ma/me) : (简体) 麽 • ma : 吗
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#rW.90a K.AD593 D.1.33.2 M.7282 KX..82.03 B.003.1.02 E.1
 
#c丿厶
 
#c丿厶
 
#y mo\
 
#y mo\
 
</WL>
 
</WL>

Latest revision as of 02:27, 23 October 2018

么 [me] (F​麼) ​那么 like/so; (int. suf.) ​什么 what? [má] ​麽/​麼/​吗 [yāo] (S​幺) small; (HDZ:) … [mó] ​麽 [ma] ​吗

3 monosyllabic entries in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):

►me To view this entry, please log in
►¹má To view this entry, please log in
►⁶yāo To view this entry, please log in

4e48.png
The character 么 is an old common variant form of older ​幺 yāo ‘small’ (cf. ​幺); as a component 么 is the bottom part of the simple-form character ​麽 mó (cf. ​麽).
    Note: In simple-form texts 么 -me (int. suf.) replaces the full-form character ​麼 -me (as in ​那么, ​什么).
    Note: In full-form texts 么 yāo replaces the older form ​幺 yāo (though ​幺 is still used in simple-form and trad. texts, and as a component).
    Note: The simple form ​麽(⿸​麻么) mó ‘small’ is a later/slight modification of the older/full form ​麼(⿸​麻​幺) mó ‘small’; cf. ​麽.
    Note: There are four related forms in the two old simple/full encodings, three of which are simple-form characters: 么 (GB/Big5); ​幺 (GB); ​麽 (GB); ​麼 (Big5).
    Compare: Full form ​那​麼 → Simple form ​那么 nàme ‘like/so’; Full form ​什​麼 → Simple form ​什么 shénme ‘what?’.
    Compare: Full form 么​麼 → Simple form ​幺​麽 yāomó ‘petty/insignificant’ (not *​幺么, nor *么么); this usage is only (​书) literary (GFC).
    Compare: Formerly ​幺 yāo → Full/Simple 么 yāo.
    Note: ​幺 is a trad. form (not encoded in Big5, though ​幺 is the component in the Big5 form ​麼); the full-form character ​麼 (mó/me/ma) was later wr. ​麽 (me/ma) in an attempt to distinguish those readings, but the two characters ​麼/​麽 were subsequently used interchangeably, and ​麽 became the simple form for the reading ​麽 mó; the simple-form character 么 arose by back-formation (from ​麽), replacing the older form ​幺 in both full and simple texts, though ​幺 (the trad. form) is still the component form seen in numerous compound characters.
    HDZ: 么 : yāo : ​幺 (​俗​字) • mó (​又​读 ma/me) : (​简​体) ​麽 • ma : ​吗
►references: Wieger:90a; Karlgren:AD593; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:1.33.2; Mathews:7282; Kāngxī Zìdiǎn:82.03; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:003.1.02; EDOC:1
►components: ​丿​厶​
►Cantonese: mo\
►stroke 么 (... strokes)   
►list characters containing 么 as a component
►list words containing 么 (most common words first)
Unicode: U+4E48
►web links for ‘么’
search web for ‘么’: ►Google ►GT ►Baidu ►Bing ►Yahoo

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