Zi:服
服 [fú] 服务 serve; 克服 conquer; 衣服 clothing/attire; 服药 take medicine; (HDZ:) 从事; 实行; 任用, 使用; … [fù] (量词) dose (剂); 負 [bì] 腷; 逼 [bó] 啼呼; 保
2 monosyllabic entries in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):
►³fú 服 {C} v. ①take (medicine) ②serve ③obey; submit (oneself) to ④convince ‖ Zhèxiàr wọ̌ kě ∼ le. 这下儿我可∼了。 Now I should say I'm fully convinced. ⑤be used to ◆b.f. ①clothes; dress ►yīfu 衣服 ②(wear) mourning dress ►²fúsāng 服丧
►¹⁵fù 服 {E} m. 〈environment:〉 Ch. med. (for doses)
The character 服 (8 strokes) is an abbrev. of old forms such as 𦨕 (10 strokes), replacing the old left-side component 舟 ‘boat’ (6 strokes) with a shape like 月 ‘moon’ (4 strokes), as in 俞; the right-side component 𠬝 (4 strokes) was formerly wr. 𠬩 (6 strokes).
The Shuōwén Seal form of 服(𦨕) fú ‘control/employ/use; inner/steering horses (of a team)’ combines 舟() zhōu ‘boat’ (as in 俞/兪 ‘dugout canoe’), and 𠬝(𠬩) fú ‘control (steer)’ (phonosemantic); formerly wr. 𣍞(𦨈), also with 舟 ‘boat’ on the left, but with 人 ‘person’ (boatman/helmsman) on the right; a skilled boatman/helmsman uses the oar/rudder to steer a boat (at the helm mid-astern), as a driver controls the team of horses (reining in the central pair, on either side of the shaft, to lead the others), as a ruler employs trusted ministers/statesmen to pilot the ship of state.
Note: SW also gives a gloss relating to the usage 服馬, referring to the inner steering pair of horses in a four-horse team, and to steering/driving horses in general; this gloss explains the component 舟 in terms of 舟/周旋 zhōuxuán ‘steer/turn’ (the horses/carriage), like a boat; the component 𠬝(𠬩) fú ‘subdue/control’ is taken as an old wr. of 服, but the shape 𠬝(𠬩) also suggests the rudder/oar steering/turning the 舟 ‘boat’ (操舟); cf. 𠬝(𠬩), in which 卩(𢎛卪𠃜) ‘jade/horn seal/tally’ (credentials of governance/control).
“[服] To govern a boat, steer” —Karlgren(AD).
Note: 服 fú ‘subdue, submit; dominate; domesticate, train and use (animals); be dominated, submit to; to yoke, yoke-horse; (cause to undergo:) apply; serve; service, business, labour; intense thoughts; (subjugated area:) district, dependency’ (GSR).
Older graphs associated with 服 are said to have the component 𠬝() fú, in which a 又() yòu ‘hand’ catches/subdues 卩/人 a person (cf. 及), and hence meanings such as 服 ‘subdue’ (as in 制服), ‘coerce’ (威服), ‘submit’ (服从) ‘be convinced’ (信服), ‘serve’ (服务), ‘admire’ (佩服); on the left side 舟 (zhōu) ‘boat’ was added, and later abbrev. to a shape like 月 (yuè ‘moon’).
Note: Usages relating to ‘clothing’ (衣服, 服装, 服饰, 礼服, 常服, 朝服, …) apparently arose in connection with servant livery (official uniforms); cf. 五服 ‘classes of mourning attire’.
Compare: 箙() fú ‘(archery) bamboo/wood/leather quiver; case/sheath (for a tool)’, formerly wr. 服, assoc. with old inscr. forms of 备/備(僃) bèi ‘careful/prepare’ (HDZ).
Compare: 报/報(𡙈) bào ‘report’ (also with 𠬝 on the right).
Compare: 服(𦨕𦨈𣍞) fú ← MC /bjuk/; 负/負(), 妇/婦() fù ← MC /bjuʔ/ (SBGY).
HDZ: 服 : fú : 从事; 担任; 实行; (SW: 用) 任用, 使用 (cf. 服用; ); 承受 (刑役); 职事, 职位; 事情; 服从, 顺从; 信服, 佩服; 畏服, 慑服; (古) 王畿以外的地方; 穿戴; 佩带; (古) 对衣服、宫室、车马、器物等的泛称; 居丧期间; 整, 治理; (SW: 車右騑所以舟旋) (古) 服: 一车驾四马, 居中的两匹 (cf. 服馬, 佃 diàn); 练习, 熟悉; 习惯, 适应; 持; 得; 吞服 (药物); 思念 (cf. 思服); 箙: (古) 装箭、刀、剑等的套子 (cf. 備); 伏: (潜伏; 倒伏); (鸟名) 鵩: 鸮, 猫头鹰; 犕/犕: 驾御, 乘; (姓) • fù : 負: (车箱; 载负 (担负, 承受)); (量词) • bì : 腷: 腷/服臆; 逼: 堵塞 • bó : 啼呼; 保 (bǎo): 卫
HDC: 服用 : 使用; 衣着器用; 吃 (药物、补品等)
HDC: 服馬 : (古) 一车四马, 当中夹辕二; 驾车之马; 驯服马性
HDC: 服事 : 五服之内所封诸侯定期朝贡, 各依服数以事天子; 尽臣道; 承担公职; 服力役; 服侍
►references: Guǎngyùn:453.24; Wieger:55c,66c; Karlgren:AD43,GSR934d; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:3.2053.7; Mathews:1999; Kāngxī Zìdiǎn:505.02; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:087.0.08; EDOC:1
►components: 月𠬝卩又
►Cantonese: fuhk-
Shuōwén: (𦨕)
<cdl char='服' uni='670D' points='0,8 128,128'>
<comp char='月' uni='6708' points='0,0 44,128' />
<comp char='𠬝' uni='20B1D' points='68,0 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='月' uni='6708' points='24,4 104,128'>
<comp char='冂' uni='5182' variant='9' points='0,0 128,128' />
<comp char='二' uni='4E8C' variant='5' points='41,40 128,72' />
<!-- 2013-03-07T22:06:18Z -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='冂' uni='5182' variant='9' points='24,4 104,128'>
<stroke type='sp' points='41,0 41,44 0,128' />
<stroke type='hzg' points='41,0 128,0 128,123 82,108' head='cut' />
<!-- variant based on [U+2E86](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='二' uni='4E8C' variant='5' points='0,4 128,124' radical='K0'>
<stroke type='h' points='0,0 128,0' head='cut' tail='cut' />
<stroke type='h' points='0,128 128,128' head='cut' tail='cut' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EF79](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='𠬝' uni='20B1D' points='8,4 120,128'>
<comp char='卩' uni='5369' variant='2' points='0,0 86,128' />
<comp char='又' uni='53C8' points='2,60 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='卩' uni='5369' variant='2' points='24,4 104,128' radical='K0'>
<stroke type='hzg' points='0,0 128,0 128,44 71,29' head='cut' />
<stroke type='s' points='0,0 0,128' />
<!-- variant based on [U+E7CB](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='又' uni='53C8' points='4,8 124,128'>
<stroke type='hp' points='22,0 102,0 0,128' tail='long' />
<stroke type='n' points='28,4 128,128' head='cut' />
</cdl>
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Unicode: U+670D
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