Zi:困
困 [kùn] (困难 kùnnan) difficult; (卦名) ䷮ Oppression; (F睏) tired; (HDZ:) …
One monosyllabic entry in The ABC Cantonese-English Dictionary (namespace Jyut):
►kwan3 困 b.f./char. ►daa2 kwan3 lung4/2 打困籠
2 monosyllabic entries in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):
►¹kùn 困 {B} ①〈environment:〉 wr. v. surround ◆b.f. ①hard-pressed; stranded ►kùnnan 困难 ②poor; hard-up ►pínkùn 贫困 ◆n. name of one of the Sixty-four Hexagrams (䷮)
►²kùn 困[睏] {E} s.v. sleepy; tired
The Shuōwén Seal form of 困() kùn ‘old/walled farmstead/orchard’ combines 木 mù ‘tree’ (wood/fruit), and 囗 wéi ‘surround/enclose’ (as in 回, in 㐭 ‘granary’, 嗇 ‘thrifty/stingy’, 牆 ‘wall’); formerly wr. 𣏔(), with 止 ‘foot/stop’ over 木 ‘tree/wood’, the old meaning is said to have been 𣏔() ‘to stop/stand in one place’ (like a tree, or up a tree), like a farmer, not moving on, but instead settling down and working a field, picking fruit, the temporary farmstead becomes permanent homestead (so long as the plants are well-tended and bear fruit).
Compare: 回(囘) → 㐭(廩廪) → 啬/嗇(𠾂𤲷) → 墙/牆(𤖠).
Note: The hexagram of this name ䷮ 困 combines outer ☱ ‘joy’ over inner ☵ ‘water’, with nuclear trigrams ☴ ‘tree’ over ☲ ‘fire’ (䷤ 家人) within: the ☴ tree ☲ enclosed/encircled in the family orchard/lands is in a difficult position: it must give (down) fruit/shade and take up water with its roots, or else feed the fire (and construction, with its wood); the family itself depends on its ability to tend/water the orchard/farm; the fruit/seed of the crops is the future of family life (and vice versa); the house is built with the wood of non-fruiting trees; the mulberry tree is trained to follow the espalier, to feed silkworms with its leaves, to spin cocoons for silk clothing, a difficult responsibility.
“[困] A 木 tree 囗 railed in” —Karlgren(AD).
Compare: 梱() kǔn ‘threshold’, formerly also wr. 閫; 捆 kǔn ‘tie/bind’, formerly also wr. 稛(); 壸/壼(𡈋) kǔn ‘palace grounds road/path’.
Compare: 束() shù ‘bind’, which has the same components.
The full form 睏 (with 目 ‘eye’ added) is sometimes used to specify the meaning ‘tired’.
Compare: 囷() qūn ‘granary’; 囚() qiú ‘bind (imprison)’; 因() yīn ‘cause/reason’.
HDZ: 困 : kùn : (古) 梱: 門橜/橛 (向门之四旁, 上为楣, 下为阃, 左右为枨, 其中之木即所谓橜/橛) (cf. 門梱/閫); 艰难, 窘迫; 尽, 极; 使处于艰难窘迫或无法摆脱的境地, 围困; 精力不济, 疲倦; (方言) 睡 (cf. 睏); 隐居; (卦名) ䷮; (草名); 梱: 门槛
HDC: 故廬 : 旧居 (旧宅 (旧屋, 故居; 先人的茔墓), 故居 (从前住过的地方; 从前居住过的房子))
HDC: 困窮 : 艰难窘迫
►references: Guǎngyùn:399.18; Wieger:119b; Karlgren:AD465,GSR420a; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:1.714.7; Lindqvist:299; Mathews:3688; Kāngxī Zìdiǎn:217.20; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:049.0.09; Wáng(1993):121; EDOC:1
►components: 囗木
►Cantonese: kwan-
Shuōwén: (困)
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►stroke 困 (... strokes)
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Unicode: U+56F0
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