Zi:周
周 [zhōu] circumference (圆周 ‘circle’; 周围 ‘all around’); cycle (周年 ‘anniversary’); week (周末 ‘weekend’); (HDZ:) 周密, 谨严; 紧密, 牢固; 亲密; …; (姓)
One monosyllabic entry in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):
►²zhōu 周/週 {A} b.f. ①circumference; circle; ring; periphery ►zhōuwéi 周围 ②whole; entirety ►zhōushēn 周身 ③weekly ►zhōukān 周刊 ④〈environment:〉 elec. cycle ►zhōubō 周波 ⑤perfect; complete ►¹zhōuquán 周全 ⑥thoughtful; attentive ►zhōudao 周到 ⑦make a circuit; move in a circular course ►zhōuzhuǎn 周转 ⑧help sb. out ►²zhōujì 周济 ◆v. overturn ‖ bǎ zhuōzi ∼ le 把桌子∼了 overturned the table ◆m. week ◆n. ①Zhou dynasty (c. 1045-221 B.C.) ②Surname
The Shuōwén Seal form of 周(𠱬) zhōu ‘meticulous/painstaking/precise (control), thoughtful, attentive to details’ (周密: 周到严格) is said to combine 用(𠂦) ‘use’ (cf. 服), and 口(𠙵) ‘mouth’ (会意); one who is good at using/controlling his mouth is thoughtful (able to keep secrets; everything comes out of the mouth of the thoughtless); an old variant 𠄗() has 乁() jí (及) ‘reach/attain’ instead of 口.
Compare: 调/調() tiáo ‘harmonize/adjust (speak/make peace)’; 惆() chóu ‘frustrated/disappointed’.
Old forms associated with 周 suggest 𡈹(囿) yòu ‘walled garden/park’: one graph is like 田 tián ‘field’ with four dots (instead of 木; cf. 𣲜/丼/井); later, 口 kǒu ‘mouth’ (or another shape) was added at the bottom, and the top became similar to 用 yòng ‘use’.
Compare: 舟() zhōu ‘boat (dugout canoe)’; 𠣘() zhōu (周遍); 𦩍() dāo/diāo; 賙 zhōu.
Compare: 周(𠱬𠄗) zhōu ← MC /tɕju/; 舟() zhōu ← MC /tɕju/; 𦩍() dāo/diāo (舠/𦨣) ← MC /tɑu/tiu/ (SBGY).
Note: In SW 服(𦨕) fú ‘control/employ/use’ (用) is glossed with 舟/周旋 zhōuxuán ‘steer/turn/control boat/horses/etc.’ (ship of state).
HDZ: 周 : zhōu : 周密, 谨严; 紧密, 牢固; 亲密; 和调, 适合; 至, 极端的; 徧/遍, 普遍; 完备; 终, 到底; 保全; 帀/匝: 环绕 (cf. 𠣘); (古) 一年; (今) 七天, 一个星期 (周末, 周刊); 圆周, 四周; 旁; 賙: 援助, 救济; 舟; (鸟名) 周周=翢翢; (古) (部落名); (朝代名) (cf. 舟); (西周) 镐京; (物理学) 周波; (姓)
►references: Guǎngyùn:206.14,210.04; Wieger:109c; Karlgren:AD1240,GSR1083a; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:1.606.3; Mathews:1293; Kāngxī Zìdiǎn:181.36; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:087.0.10; EDOC:1
►components: 用口冂𠮷吉土
►Cantonese: jau\
Shuōwén: (𠱬) (𠣘)
<cdl char='周' uni='5468' points='4,4 120,128' radical='K13 X2'>
<stroke type='sp' points='24,0 24,56 0,128' />
<stroke type='hzg' points='24,0 128,0 128,128 98,118' head='cut' />
<comp char='土' uni='571F' points='34,10 116,52' />
<comp char='口' uni='53E3' points='52,72 98,104' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='土' uni='571F' points='0,0 128,120'>
<stroke type='h' points='14,56 114,56' />
<stroke type='s' points='64,0 64,128' tail='cut' />
<stroke type='h' points='0,128 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='口' uni='53E3' points='24,24 104,104'>
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<stroke type='h' points='0,128 128,128' head='cut' tail='cut' />
<!-- 2010-03-11T17:40:58Z -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='冂' uni='5182' variant='5' points='4,4 124,128'>
<stroke type='s' points='0,0 0,128' tail='long' />
<stroke type='hz' points='0,0 128,0 128,128' head='cut' tail='long' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EF7E](V=0) -->
</cdl>
►stroke 周 (... strokes)
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Unicode: U+5468
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