Zi:齿: Difference between revisions

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 <WL>齿(F齒) [chǐ] (牙齿 yáchǐ) tooth/teeth; 臼齿 molars; (radical 211, 齿部)
 #i3
-The Shuōwén Seal form of 齿/齒(􀕗) chǐ ‘tooth/teeth’ combines 口(􀌼𠙵) kǒu ‘mouth’, with shapes like 仌(􁾻) representing the teeth, and 止(􀑥) zhǐ (phonetic); the old form 𠚕(􀕘𠚒𦥒) omits the phonetic.
+The simple-form character 齿 (8 strokes) is an abbrev. of the full-form character 齒 (15 strokes), replacing the inner full-form parts (9 strokes) with a shape like 人 (2 strokes).
-	Note: The old 牙齿 distinction seems to have been between 牙 ‘incisors/canines’ (门牙), vs. 齒 ‘molars’ (臼齿), but this is no longer clear.
+	Note: The simplified form 齿 retains the upper and lower parts of the full form 齒(止凵), but the rest of the full form (𠈌一) becomes simply 人 (2 strokes of 𠈌).
-	Older graphs associated with 齒 also depict the teeth in open jaws, and omit any 止 component; it seems that the top of 𠚒 was reinterpreted (as in SW) as 止.
+	The full-form character 齒 augments the old form 𠚕 with 止 zhǐ (phonetic); 𠚕 was formerly wr. 𠚒/𦥒, and 止 was added to differentiate old 𠚕/𦥒 (chǐ) from 臼 (jiù).
-	In the modern simplified form 齿, the inner parts 仌仌 of the full form 齒 are abbrev. to a shape like 人.
+	Note: In the full form 齒(⿱止𠚕) as in the Seal (see below) the central horizontal line of 𠚕 is that of the old form of 口(𠙵) kǒu ‘mouth’ (representing the upper lip/teeth/jaw).
-	Compare: 牙(􀖄􀖅𤘍) yá ‘tooth’ (牙齿, 臼齿); 臼(􁍴) jiù ‘mortar’ (杵臼).
+	The Shuōwén Seal form of 齿/齒(􀕗𣦗𣦋𣥫) chǐ ‘tooth/teeth’ combines 口(􀌼𠙵) kǒu ‘mouth’, with shapes like 入(􀸾) rù ‘enter into’ (quadrupled, two above and two below) representing the sharp teeth, and also suggesting 仌(􁾻) bīng ‘ice/icicle’ (cold-hearted/biting teeth); the upper component 止(􀑥) zhǐ ‘stop’ (phonosemantic) suggests the fixed/immobile upper jaw (maxilla), biting/stopping prey in its tracks; formerly wr. 𠚕(􀕘𠚒𦥒) in which 凵(􀐄) qiǎn ‘open/gaping mouth’ (cf. 欠, 凶, 𠙾) is the lower part (lower jaw) of 口(􀌼𠙵) kǒu ‘mouth’.
-	Compare: 龍(􂂀) lóng ‘dragon’; in old 龍 graphs the dragon's jaws suggest the old form 𠚕(􀕘𠚒𦥒) of 齿.
+	Compare: 牙(􀖄􀖅𤘍) yá ‘tooth’ (牙齿, 臼齿); 臼(􁍴) jiù ‘mortar’ (杵臼 ‘mortar & pestle’).
+	Note: Formerly distinguished as 牙 yá ‘incisors/canines’ (门牙), vs. 齿/齒 chǐ ‘molars’ (臼齿), but later conflated in 牙齿 yáchǐ ‘tooth/teeth’.
+	Compare: 㐁(􀘃􀘄𠀬) tiàn/tiǎn ‘tongue/lick’, in which 𧮫(􀘀) jué ‘palate/alveolar ridges/grooves’ (abbrev.); 啮/嚙(􀕻齧) niè ‘bite/gnaw/chew’.
+	Compare: 入(􀸾), 矢(􀹜), 亡(􂍷亾); 山(􁣾); 仌(􁾻); 凶(􁍼); 𠙾(􂎢􂎡).
+	Older graphs associated with 齒 also depict the teeth in open jaws, and omit any 止 component; the top of the old form 𠚒 suggests the top of 止(􀑥).
+	Compare: 龍(􂂀) lóng ‘dragon’; in old ‘dragon’ graphs the beast's jaws (corresp. to the shape 月, in 𦚏) resemble the old form 𠚕(􀕘𠚒𦥒); cf. 兽/獸(􂤫􂤪嘼), 鼍/鼉(􂘍), 单/單(􀐋).
+	Compare: 𠀬(􀘄􀘃㐁) tiàn ‘tongue/lick’, later wr. 舔; 舌(􀗹) shé ‘tongue’; 函(􁊱圅) hán ‘tongue (in the mouth)’.
+	Compare: 𠩛(􁔥􁔤席); 垂(􂚼𡍮), 𠂹(􁃕􁃖𢏒); 差(􀴋𢀩), 华/華(􁃚𦾓).
 #rW.175a K.AD1233a D.7.4788.2 L.34 B.076.1.02 WHY...16 E.0
 #c止人凵
 #y chi/
 </WL>