Difference between revisions of "Zi:难"
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The simple-form character 难 (10 strokes) is an abbrev. of the full-form character 難 (19 strokes), replacing the full-form component 𦰩 (11 strokes) with 又 (2 strokes). | The simple-form character 难 (10 strokes) is an abbrev. of the full-form character 難 (19 strokes), replacing the full-form component 𦰩 (11 strokes) with 又 (2 strokes). | ||
| − | Note: | + | Note: For simplified 又/𦰩 replacement, cf. 叹/嘆, 汉/漢, 难/難, 摊/攤, 滩/灘. |
| + | Note: The simple-form component 又 is used to replace various different complex full-form components, as in 对/對, 观/觀, 鸡/雞; cf. 又. | ||
| + | Note: The meaning of 难 nán/nàn ‘difficult/disaster’ suggests a 隹 bird in the 又 hand (worth two in the bush); the bird is hard to hold, harder to lose, and failing to escape, lost freedom spells disaster to a free-spirited bird (cf. 矍); the traditional explanation of the full form 難 is different (see below). | ||
The Shuōwén Seal form of 难/難(𩁘) nán/nàn ‘(bird name); difficulty/disaster’ combines 隹 (zhuī) ‘short-tailed bird’, and 𦰩(𡏳堇) qín/jìn ‘sticky/rich clay/mud’ (phonosemantic): a muddy bird (stuck in sticky mud) has a difficult time spreading its wings to fly; the main SW form 𪄿(𪇠𪅀) has 鸟/鳥 instead of 隹; formerly also wr. 𩁪(),𩁳( ), 𩀙(), it was the name of a bird (of unknown species). | The Shuōwén Seal form of 难/難(𩁘) nán/nàn ‘(bird name); difficulty/disaster’ combines 隹 (zhuī) ‘short-tailed bird’, and 𦰩(𡏳堇) qín/jìn ‘sticky/rich clay/mud’ (phonosemantic): a muddy bird (stuck in sticky mud) has a difficult time spreading its wings to fly; the main SW form 𪄿(𪇠𪅀) has 鸟/鳥 instead of 隹; formerly also wr. 𩁪(),𩁳( ), 𩀙(), it was the name of a bird (of unknown species). | ||
| − | + | Compare: 馑/饉() jǐn ‘vegetable crop failure’; 仅/僅() jǐn ‘able/capable; try/do one's best; barely’. | |
Compare: 暵(𤑆熯) hàn ‘parched’; 艰/艱(𥌵) jiān ‘difficult/hard’ (艰难). | Compare: 暵(𤑆熯) hàn ‘parched’; 艰/艱(𥌵) jiān ‘difficult/hard’ (艰难). | ||
| − | Compare: 摊/攤 tān ‘spread out’; 瘫/癱 tān ‘palsy/paralysis’; 叹/嘆() tàn ‘sigh’ | + | Compare: 摊/攤 tān ‘spread out’; 瘫/癱 tān ‘palsy/paralysis’; 叹/嘆() tàn ‘sigh’. |
Compare: 汉/漢(𤁉) hàn ‘river name; Hàn’ (汉代, 汉语); 滩/灘(𤅼𤅩) tān ‘beach’. | Compare: 汉/漢(𤁉) hàn ‘river name; Hàn’ (汉代, 汉语); 滩/灘(𤅼𤅩) tān ‘beach’. | ||
Compare: 矍() jué ‘(bird) looking about in alarm (trying to flee/escape)’. | Compare: 矍() jué ‘(bird) looking about in alarm (trying to flee/escape)’. | ||
| + | Note: The role of 隹 in 难/難 is obscure, Karlgren(1940); Wieger related 難 to 暵 hàn ‘parched’. | ||
| + | “The state in which are the 隹 birds, when the earth is 𦰩 dried and barren; famine, misery, difficulty of living” —Wieger. | ||
#rW.171b K.AD389,GS152d D.6.4090.9 M.4625 B.177.0.05 E.0 | #rW.171b K.AD389,GS152d D.6.4090.9 M.4625 B.177.0.05 E.0 | ||
#c又隹 | #c又隹 | ||
#y naahn\ naahn- | #y naahn\ naahn- | ||
</WL> | </WL> | ||
Latest revision as of 02:58, 21 September 2018
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