Difference between revisions of "Zi:龟"
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| − | <WL>龟(F龜) [guī] (乌龟) | + | <WL>龟(F龜) [guī] 龟鳖 tortoise/turtle (Testudines); 乌龟 tortoise (Testudinidae); 海龟 sea turtle; 水龟 turtle; (radical 213, 龟部)@@ [qiū] [jūn] cf. 龜 |
#i4 | #i4 | ||
| − | + | The simple-form character 龟 guī ‘tortoise/turtle’ (7 strokes) is an abbrev. of an old intermediary form 亀 (11 strokes) of the full-form character 龜 (16 strokes), keeping the top part ⺈ (2 strokes), but replacing the rest with a shape like 电 (5 strokes). | |
| − | + | Note: 龟←亀←龜; the lower part 电 reflects the shape of old forms such as 𤕣 guī ‘tortoise/turtle’ (not 电/電 diàn ‘lightning’, which is a variant of 申). | |
| − | Besides the standard full form 龜 and simple form 龟, | + | The full-form character 龜 (16 strokes), also wr. ⻱ (17), is derived from old pictographs; there are a surprising number of old variant forms of this character (see below). |
| − | + | The Shuōwén Seal form of 龟/龜(⻱) guī ‘tortoise/turtle’ (of longevity) is said to combine 它() ‘snake’ (depicting the snake-like head), and other elements depicting the feet, shell (carapace), and tail of the animal; formerly wr. 𤕣(𠁴𠃾). | |
| − | #rW.108b K.AD462 D.7.4809.2 L.87 B.055.0.01 | + | Note: The SW gloss of 龟/龜() guī ‘tortoise/turtle’ begins with a pun on 旧/舊() jiù ‘owl; long time; old’, i.e. 久() jiǔ ‘long (time)’, alluding to its longevity/wisdom; cf. 舊, 久; cf. 馗(𩠒逵) kuí ‘thoroughfare’, where SW puns on 龟/龜() guī ‘tortoise/turtle’: the limbs of the animal diverge from the shell/center like roads from a crossroad; cf. 体/體(). |
| − | # | + | Note: In the Seal form of 龟/龜(), the reptilian head is like 它() shé ‘snake’ (蛇), and the shell/carapace is 凶() rotated 90 degrees CCW; cf. 凶, 胸/匈() xiōng ‘breast/chest/thorax’. |
| + | Compare: 龟/龜() guī ← MC /kjuei/, OC /kʷrjɨ/; 久() jiǔ ← MC /kjuʔ/, OC /kʷjɨʔ/ (SBGY, Baxter). | ||
| + | Compare: 旧/舊() jiù ← MC /gjus/, OC /gʷjɨʔ(s)/; 馗(𩠒) kuí ← MC /gjuei/gju/, OC /gʷrju/ (SBGY, Baxter). | ||
| + | Note: Anciently, tortoises/turtles were used for food, and their shells (carapaces) served as food/cooking vessels; the shells (plastrons) were drilled/burned/cracked/interpreted in oracle-bone divination rituals; the long-lived animal was associated with longevity/mortality, long experience, great wisdom/patience; being amphibious/aquatic reptiles living/moving freely between water and land, turtles lived in the gray netherworld between those two realms, like humans between heaven and earth (cf. 王), and as such were able to mediate between living humans and the spirits of the dead (神鬼, cf. 鬼 guǐ, 归 guī). | ||
| + | Note: In the full form, the top may be wr. ⺈(龜) as in 象 ‘elephant’, or else 丶(⻱) as in 它 ‘snake’ (⻱ is the KX Radical form, more closely aligned with the SW Seal form). | ||
| + | Note: In the simple form 龟, an abbrev. of old 𤕣(), the top part ⺈ is combined with a shape like 电, for 甲() jiǎ ‘shell’. | ||
| + | Compare: 龟甲 guījiǎ ‘tortoiseshell (carapace); oracle bone’, 龟板 guībǎn ‘tortoise plastron (belly plate/shell)’ (腹甲). | ||
| + | Note: Today the term turtle (Testudines) includes tortoise (Testudinidae), but anc. Ch. usage may have referred esp. to the land-dwelling tortoise, vs. aquatic/freshwater turtle. | ||
| + | Compare: 陆龟 ‘tortoise (land-dwelling)’, 海龟 ‘sea turtle (ocean-dwelling)’, 水龟 ‘(aquatic/freshwater) turtle’. | ||
| + | Compare: 鼋/黿() yuán ‘giant softshell turtle’ (Pelochelys cantorii); 鳖/鱉 biē ‘softshell turtle’ (Trionychidae). | ||
| + | Compare: 黾/黽(𪓑) měng ‘frog’, mǐn ‘exert’. | ||
| + | Note: Besides the standard full form 龜 (and ⻱ in the KX Radical block), and the simple form 龟, Unicode includes various other ‘tortoise/turtle’ forms. | ||
| + | Compare: 亀, 𪚨, 𪚧, 𪚺, 𧑴, 𪚿, 𪚦, 𪚴, 𤕣, 𠁴, 𠃾, … | ||
| + | #rW.108b K.AD462 D.7.4809.2 L.87 B.055.0.01 WHY...47 E.0 | ||
| + | #c⺈电甲田 | ||
#y gau\ gwai\ gwan\ | #y gau\ gwai\ gwan\ | ||
</WL> | </WL> | ||
Latest revision as of 05:08, 9 June 2019
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