Zi:单
单(F單) [dān] alone; single; sheet [chán] 单于 [shàn] (surname) [dǎn] [chǎn] [dàn] [zhàn] [tán] cf. 單
3 monosyllabic entries in The ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary (namespace Ci):
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The Shuōwén Seal form of 单/單 dān ‘great (beast)’ combines 吅 xuān ‘cry/roar’ (phonosemantic), and a shape (⿱田十), short for 黾/黽 měng ‘frog/amphibian’.
Note: 單 is an old wr. of 鼍/鼉(𪓸) tuó ‘alligator’, and of 战/戰 zhàn ‘battle/war’, phonosemantic in both; Shuōwén records that alligator skin was used to make (war) drums.
Compare: 兽/獸(嘼) shòu ‘beast’, with curved horns, not 吅 xuān ‘cry/roar’.
In the simple form 单 the full-form component 吅 of 單 is reduced to 丷, just as 嘼/獸 simplifies 兽.
“Single, alone; only; odd (in number); single sheet, a list, a bill, a slip” —Karlgren(AD).
Lindqvist proposed that 单 may have represented hunting stones tied with a rope (cf. bolas/boleadoras); cf. 弹 dàn as in 子弹 zǐdàn ‘bullet’.
Compare: 弹/彈(𢎟) tán/dàn ‘shoot/projectile’.
►references: Wieger:72e,104a; Karlgren:AD968; Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn:1.246.3; Lindqvist:113; Mathews:6030; Bǐshùn Guīfàn:090.1.05; Wáng(1993):64; EDOC:0
►components: 丷田十
►Cantonese: daan\
<cdl char='单' uni='5355' radical='Z2 K12'>
<comp char='丷' uni='4E37' points='32,0 96,24' />
<comp char='' uni='E0FE' points='0,28 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='丷' uni='4E37' points='32,16 96,64' radical='D1 K12 Q'>
<stroke type='d' points='0,0 34,116' />
<stroke type='p' points='128,6 84,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='' uni='E0FE' points='0,4 128,128'>
<comp char='日' uni='65E5' points='22,0 106,54' />
<stroke type='h' points='0,81 128,81' />
<stroke type='s' points='64,0 64,128' head='cut' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='日' uni='65E5' points='24,8 104,120'>
<comp char='冂' uni='5182' variant='5' points='0,0 128,128' />
<comp char='二' uni='4E8C' variant='5' points='0,60 128,128' />
</cdl>
<cdl char='冂' uni='5182' variant='5' points='4,4 124,128'>
<stroke type='s' points='0,0 0,128' tail='long' />
<stroke type='hz' points='0,0 128,0 128,128' head='cut' tail='long' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EF7E](V=0) -->
</cdl>
<cdl char='二' uni='4E8C' variant='5' points='0,4 128,124' radical='K0'>
<stroke type='h' points='0,0 128,0' head='cut' tail='cut' />
<stroke type='h' points='0,128 128,128' head='cut' tail='cut' />
<!-- variant based on [U+EF79](V=0) -->
</cdl>
►stroke 单 (... strokes)
►list characters containing 单 as a component
►list words containing 单 (most common words first)
Unicode: U+5355
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The Wenlin Zidian (namespace Zi)
URL: https://wenlin.co/wow/Zi:%E5%8D%95
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